Causes of Tooth Stains:

• Foods and drinks like coffee, tea, red wine

• Tobacco use

• Aging and enamel thinning

Whitening Methods:

• Professional in-clinic whitening treatments

• Over-the-counter whitening products (less effective for deep stains)

Professional methods offer faster, more noticeable, and longer-lasting results.

Tartar (calculus) is hardened plaque that cannot be removed by brushing alone. It

accumulates along the gumline and between teeth.

Treatment:

• Professional scaling and cleaning are required to remove tartar

• Regular cleanings help prevent its buildup

Preventing tartar starts with daily brushing, flossing, and routine dental visits.

Zirconium crowns are durable, metal-free dental restorations made from zirconia, known

for:

• Exceptional strength and resistance to fractures

• Biocompatibility, reducing the risk of allergic reactions

• Natural-looking aesthetics due to their tooth-like translucency

• Longevity with proper oral care

These crowns are widely used for both front and back teeth, offering a combination of

aesthetics and durability.

Bone grafting restores bone in areas where it's lost due to tooth extraction, gum disease, or

trauma.Types of bone grafts include:

• Synthetic materials

• Donor or patient’s own bone (autograft)

Bone grafting supports future dental implant placement or maintains facial structure.